Advanced Word Formation Charts for ESL Learners - A

Propelled Word Formation Charts for ESL Learners - A Word development is one of the keys to progress for cutting edge level ESL students. Propelled level English tests, for example, the TOEFL, First Certificate CAE and Proficiency use word development as one of the key testing components. These word arrangement graphs give the idea thing, individual thing, descriptor and action word types of key jargon recorded in sequential order request. Word Forms Idea thing Individual thing Descriptor Action word absenteeismThe pace of non-appearance is ascending in center and secondary schools. absenteeWell send the truants notes from the gathering. missing mindedThe oblivious teacher meandered into an inappropriate study hall. to be absentUnfortunately, Ill be missing from class on Friday. accountingCan you deal with the bookkeeping on this undertaking? accountantIll need to approach my bookkeeper for exhortation on this business bargain. accountableDo you figure we should consider everybody responsible for their missteps? accountI figure we should open another ledger. accusationThe legal advisor repelled the allegation and expressed his case. informer/accusedThe informer ought to consistently attempt to comprehend the inspirations of the denounced. accusingHes a blaming figure in the organization and requirements to go! accuseDo you truly need to blame him for pay off? achievementThe triumph was a stunning accomplishment. achieverAchievers will in general be friendly individuals who dont mind committing errors. achievedHis accomplished status at the organization was because of his hard working attitude. achieveShes accomplished numerous things in long profession. addictionDrug enslavement is a colossal issue for some individuals around the globe. addictThe someone who is addicted battled with sedate maltreatment for a long time. addictive/addictedYoull locate that numerous addictive medications are sedatives. to become addictedA number of understudies have gotten dependent on purported study drugs administrationThe organization has committed numerous errors in the course of recent years. administratorThe head chairman will take your inquiries. administrativeAll authoritative assignments are dealt with by HR. administrateWe should utilize an outsider to administrate our records. admirationShe demonstrated a ton of appreciation for her assistance. admirerHave you at any point had a mystery admirer? appreciated/admiringThe respecting youngster stood and looked. admireI appreciate setting off to the historical center to respect compelling artwork. advertisementThe promotion was extremely engaging. advertiserWe need to discover a sponsor to help pay for costs. advertisedThe publicized medication didnt fill in true to form. advertiseHave you at any point publicized your items on the web? adviceI figure you should accept his recommendation. adviserIm going to see my counsel one week from now nearby. advisoryThe warning panel chose to delay the choice. adviseWhat would you encourage me to do? aggravationIve absolutely had a considerable amount of exacerbation. aggressorThe assailant was gotten and tossed into prison. aggravatingShe has an irritating spinal pain. aggravateI bothered my sibling with my comments about his better half. agitationI felt a great deal of fomentation when I heard the news. agitatorThe instigator was brought to prison by the police. agitatedThe upset resident shouted at the journalist. agitateBe cautious to not upset the circumstance with your comments. analysisThe examination of the circumstance is fascinating. analystThe investigator was extravagant, yet fundamental for our case. analyticalHe get an eyeful of a scientific eye on the circumstance. analyseDo you figure you could break down the proof? antagonismShe felt his threat was lost. antagonistThe rival presented a persuading defense against the legend. antagonisticHer hostile disposition pushed her into difficulty at work. antagonizeYoull be grieved on the off chance that you alienate them. arbitrationThe discretion continued for three weeks. arbitratorThe referee for the situation settled on a choice. arbitraryI think he settled on a discretionary choice that be disregarded. arbitrateThe judge will referee the case. assassinationThe death dazed the country. assassinThe professional killer was gotten inside three days. assassinatedThe nation sobbed over the killed president. assassinateMost individuals couldn't kill anybody. authorizationI gave him complete approval on the task. authorityHes an expert in his field. dictator/authoritativeHer tyrant approach terrified the understudies. authorizeCan you approve this solicitation?

Richard Iii Summary Essay Example

Richard Iii Summary Essay Richard III Shakespeare effectively depicts (his motivation comparable to the qualities and desires for the Elizabethan setting) through stage play strategies, for example, utilization of talk, sensational incongruity, and silliness. He additionally utilizes language methods, for example, visual symbolism and sound symbolism all through his play to investigate the awful job and character of Richard which prompts the improvement of the key topics in his play, Richard III. The principal monologue educates the crowd regarding Richard’s inward contemplations while likewise building up his character, dull thought processes, and his aim in the play. The initial explanation, â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent†, alludes to Richard’s despondency because of the war finishing and the harmony that replaces the sentiment of villainy. This quickly educates the crowd regarding Richard’s dim character and the villainy inside him. His villainy and evilness is fortified in â€Å"Our harsh alarums changed to cheerful gatherings, Our unpleasant walks to wonderful measures†, accentuating that he doesn't need harmony or to share upbeat occasions, yet rather blossoms with bedlam and viciousness. We likewise learn of Richard’s sentiments towards his appearance in his first discourse, the descriptors utilized by Shakespeare portray Richard’s physical deformities, â€Å"Deformed, incomplete, sent before my time†. This announcement uncovers his feeling of self ugliness which is strengthened in â€Å"That hounds bark at me as I stop by them, demonstrating that his appearance can even alarm creatures. His shrewd and manipulative conduct is indicated again when he intends to set his siblings Clarence and King Edward against one another. This advises the crowd regarding his significant level of pretentiousness and that he will consistently put himself in front of his family to get the crown, this is likewise demonstrated as he is intending to end the lives of Edwards beneficiaries in penance for the crown to himself. We will compose a custom article test on Richard Iii Summary explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Richard Iii Summary explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Richard Iii Summary explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

So @mitblogs_ebooks exists

So @mitblogs_ebooks exists Some of you may remember  @horse_ebooks, a Twitter account which, before it was bought and subverted by Buzzfeed, was a truly delightful gibberish machine which spouted pseudorandomly generated spam tweets from a collection of source texts. Some of my favorites: Crying is great exercise â€" Horse ebooks (@Horse_ebooks) September 14, 2012 Unfortunately, as you probably already know, people â€" Horse ebooks (@Horse_ebooks) July 25, 2012 As you might know, I am a full time Internet â€" Horse ebooks (@Horse_ebooks) February 24, 2012 Fraudulent or not, @horse_ebooks helped inspire an entire genre of surrealist _ebooks-style Twitter bots, which actually do take source texts and produce randomly generated tweets inflected by the voice of various academics, journalists, and programmers. Because they are randomly generated, many, perhaps most, of these tweets arent very funny. But some of them are really funny, if in an admittedly odd way, because while they are consonant in subject and voice with the source texts, they are probabilistically written  in ways that the actual authors never would. The practical result is that you get tweets which sound strangely familiar but are off just enough to be startling and (sometimes) funny. A few months ago I decided I wanted to make one for the blogs. Over the last few weeks, after reading and committee ended, I actually did. Heres how: First, I wrote a crude but effective scraper in Python. This script crawls the blogs, downloads every entry ever written, uses the BeautifulSoup library to parse the HTML, and writes each parsed line to a text file. Then, I cobbled together a tweet generator in Ruby. This script takes the text file as a source, uses the MarkyMarkov gem to map probabilistic word relationships, randomly generates sentences, rolls a D20 to decide if they should be SHOUTED IN ALL CAPS, and posts the final result to Twitter. I uploaded the source text and the ruby script to scripts, a free hosting service operated by MIT students for the MIT community, and set my cron file to run it every three hours. TL;DR: @mitblogs_ebooks is now a thing. Everything it says is randomly generated from a source text of every blog entry every written. I like to think of it as admissions advice from an alternate universe, spoken not by any single blogger but by the rumbling chorus of a collective, semi-sentient blogger organism: Professor Murder and Oxford Collapse were probably my favorite dorm â€" ???a??????s?? (@mitblogs_ebooks) May 17, 2014 Suddenly remember Im supposed to get into Hogwarts â€" ???a??????s?? (@mitblogs_ebooks) May 18, 2014 Covering a wide representative group of friends were executed for treason â€" ???a??????s?? (@mitblogs_ebooks) May 28, 2014 So there you go. I had never used Ruby, or MarkyMarkov, or a lot of other things before I began this piece of carpentry, but I personally find that trying (and failing, and trying again) is the best way to learn. In making @mitblogs_ebooks, I learned a lot, and sometimes the thing I made even makes me laugh because of how weird it is, which is an added bonus. If you want to try your own exercise in computationally generated weirdness, you can download my code here. Happy making!

Essay On Continental Office - 734 Words

On Monday 12/11/17 at 1254 hours I was dispatched to a physical domestic at Continental Village apartment #6 located at 506 21st ST SE in the City of Auburn, King Co, WA. Dispatch advised the reporting person, Armando Malagon, stated he pushed his mothers ex-boyfriend, Boris Sanjines, because Boris charged. Dispatch also advised Armando reported Boris was holding an electric razor/shaver as if it were a weapon. I arrived with Officers J. Black and R. Bemis. When we arrived Armando came outside and spoke with Officer Black while Officer Bemis and I contacted Boris. Boris explained he had been Armandos stepfather for the past seven years and he and Armando have lived together in the apartment for the past four months. Boris stated he†¦show more content†¦Armando Boris left the bathroom, went into his, Boriss, bedroom, and shut the door. Armando said he opened the door the Boriss room and asked him why he had used the bathroom when he needed to get ready for work. Armando said Boris began yelling at him, called him a piece of shit, and walked at a fast pace toward him. Armando said he did not know what Boris was going to do, but because he walked quickly toward him, he pushed Boris with two hands and Boris fell backward to the ground. I asked Armando about the razor, and he told me Boris had it in his hand as if her were shaving. I asked Armando ever did anything with the razor, and he said no, and stated he was just holding it in his hand. I asked Armando why he opened Boriss bedroom door, and he stated because he was mad at him. I asked Armando if he would be mad at Boris if Boris opened his door, and he said yes. I asked Armando if he believed pushing Boris was the appropriate reaction, and he said Yes, because he walked at him and I did not know what he was going to do. Because Armando pushed Boris without Boris making any threats aggressive movements, there was probable cause to arrest him for RCW 9A.36.041 DV Assault 4th Degree. I advised Armando he was under arrest for DV Assault 4, and placed him into handcuffs. Officer Bemis asked Boris if he would provide a statement, and he said no. Officer Bemis provided Boris with a DV informationShow MoreRelatedHistory of the Declaration of Independence738 Words   |  3 Pagesorigins with the Second Continental Congress, which was essentially the government of the United States from 1775 to 1788. Ever since King George III refused to reply to the petition for redress of grievances of the First Continental Congress, the Congress had taken on more and more of the responsibilities of a national government. In June 1775 the Congress established the Continental Army as well as a continental currency. By the end of July of that year, it created a post office for the United ColoniesRead More Thomas Jefferson Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesGovernor Dunmore. The same year plans were made to hold a continental congress of all the colonies. In preperation for this meeting Jefferson wrote an essay called A Summary of the Rights of British Americans, in which he voiced his thoughts on the rights of men. Due to illness he was unable to attend this meeting, but its widespread publishing lead to his nomination to the second Continental congress. During the 1776 meeting of the second Continental Congress Jefferson wrote one of the most famous documentsRead MoreTopographical Features at Divergent and Convergent Plate Margins1264 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Question 1: Compare and contrast the topographical features at divergent and convergent plate margins. Subject: Earth Environments 1: Geomorphology and Soils Course Code: GEOG 1231 Divergent and convergent plate margins are both studied in plate tectonics; which is the study of the plates that makeup the lithosphere, their movements and how these movements has influenced changes in the surface’s topography (Strahler, 2011, 389). The driving force that causes these plate movements is the gradualRead MoreTopographical Features at Divergent and Convergent Plate Margins1273 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Question 1: Compare and contrast the topographical features at divergent and convergent plate margins. Subject: Earth Environments 1: Geomorphology and Soils Course Code: GEOG 1231 Divergent and convergent plate margins are both studied in plate tectonics; which is the study of the plates that makeup the lithosphere, their movements and how these movements has influenced changes in the surface’s topography (Strahler, 2011, 389). The driving force that causes these plate movements is theRead MoreThe African Descent Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagespeninsulares were appointed to the colonies’ highest office positions in the colonial governments. 4. Toussaint L Ouverture and Henri Christophe: They were the two main key protagonists of the Haitian revolution, which which allowed Haiti to become independent from France in 1804. Haiti was the second nation to obtain self-rule in the Western Hemisphere. 5. The American Declaration of Independence (1776): It was adopted in the Second Continental Congress, and written by Thomas Jefferson and otherRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Was The First U.s. Secretary Of The Treasury1250 Words   |  5 Pagesthat he enrolled in King’s College in New York City. He left college without graduating in 1776. The American Revolution of 1776 offered Hamilton the opportunity to become captain of a company of artillery. He became a lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army and an aide-de-camp to George Washington, a commanding general. Hamilton made no military decisions, but he was sent on important military missions and he drafted letters to Army officers, Congress and the states. He also drafted reports onRead MoreFounding Brothers by Joseph J. Ellis Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesFounding Brothers Essay The founding fathers, or as the book calls them the founding brothers, are an assorted group of men from wildly different backgrounds. In political terms, they were divided. Yet, they came to together to help shape this country into the place it is today. Now on their journey towards the making of this country they did encounter some trouble. They encountered heated debates among themselves though for getting through these debates they show just why they deserve to be calledRead MoreEssay on Articles of Confederation and Articles of Constitution1102 Words   |  5 Pagesa strong central government. After the Declaration of Independence, there was a sense among Congressman that they wanted a written document creating a government justifying the existence of the United States. The delegates of the Second Continental Congress were attempting to codify arrangements that had never before put into legal terminology. As a result, in late 1777, the Articles of Confederation, creating a loose league of friendship between the thirteen sovereign or independent coloniesRead MoreHistory Of The United States1701 Words   |  7 Pagescolonists liberty and refused them self - government. In 1774, The First Continental congress was set up to figure out the solution to the approaching crisis. It included delegates from every colony except Georgia. These delegates included Samuel Adams, John Adams, George Wahsington and Patrick Henry. Britain considered their declaration of rights too radical, which led to the boycott of trade on British goods. While the Continental congress planned to recon vene in May, it was halted by the next bloodyRead MoreThe Founding of Our Nations Government Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesConfederation were written by a Second Continental Congressional committee during the early part of the American Revolution in 1777. A report of the proposed articles was presented to the committee by John Dickson (committee head) just eight days after the signing of the Declaration Of Independence. The fear of the 13 colonies was to have a powerful central government, as they did in Great Britain. The Articles were changed drastically by the Continental Congress before they were sent in November

Medea - Techniques - 1227 Words

In the play Medea, by Euripides, many techniques are incorporated to augment the compelling persona of the protagonist, Medea. She has an overpowering presence, which is fashioned through the use of imagery, offstage action and language. Dramatic suspense, employment of the chorus and Deus Ex Machina also serve to enhance the intense persona assumed by Medea. br brMedea is frequently associated with images of violence and rage. Shes wild. Hates in her blood. /She feeds her rageÂ…Stormclouds of anger. These images suggest hatred, and anger, they are powerful and present a strong, illustration of Medeas persona. Like nature, Medea is constructed as commanding and yet also unpredictable; this consequentially creates uncertainty as to†¦show more content†¦Dramatic suspense is utilised throughout the play to draw interest to Medeas persona. There is the sensation of now or never after the death of Kreon and Glauke and prior to the murder of her children, the scenes become more intense, more suspenseful. Her true power and presence is essentially revealed through her will to complete her revenge with the death of her children. She suffered psychomachia but her will and strength came through, enhancing Medeas persona dramatically. br brThe use of the chorus aids in the construction of Medeas compelling persona. Throughout the play, and right up to the very end, they support and collude with her, urging her on. Traditionally, the chorus are the mouthpiece of the general population, thus portraying the idea that most of Corinth supports her actions and damns those of Jason. Well do it. Youre right. To punish him. In this statement the chorus are agreeing with Medea and go as far as to promise not to tell of her vengeful plan. The choruss approval makes Medeas appear stronger and more right in her actions. The chorus also reveres Medea to a certain extent. After her passionate diatribe on the tyranny of men, the chorus concur that women are oppressed and need to stand up for their rights. Now the water shall flow uphill, /Men should recognise our power, theShow MoreRelated Medea, by Euripides - Constructing Medea’s Compelling Persona1194 Words   |  5 PagesMedea, by Euripides - Constructing Medea’s Compelling Persona In the play Medea, by Euripides, many techniques are incorporated to augment the compelling persona of the protagonist, Medea. She has an overpowering presence, which is fashioned through the use of imagery, offstage action and language. Dramatic suspense, employment of the chorus and Deus Ex Machina also serve to enhance the intense persona assumed by Medea. Medea is frequently associated with images of violence and rage. â€Å"She’sRead MoreMedea, The Intellectual Rhetoric And Dialogue1286 Words   |  6 Pagesin any story. The play Medea, written by Euripides, is the epitome of literature that language remains essential to accurately convey the message of the author. Ordinarily, Medea’s place in society, as an outsider and a woman, means she must not be resilient or independent, making it increasingly difficult for her to convey her story. Accordingly, being an outsider in more ways than one, Medea suffers because of her foreign origins and being a woman. Notwithstanding, Medea happens to be a well-versedRead MoreEssay about The Role of Minor Characters in Medea by Euripides1260 Words   |  6 Pagesone of him most famous plays, Medea. This play is a fascinating classic centered on the Greek goddess Medea. Despite its recent fame, during his time, Euripides was unpopular since he used what would be considered a ‘ modern’ view where he would focus on women, slaves and persons from the lower classes. In the play, Medea commits filicide, which initially appears extremely horrendous, but as the audience is guided through the play, they develop sympathy towards Medea. In order to achieve this empathyRead MorePassions In Medea1295 Words   |  6 Pagesthan they do in the modern age. Passion in the ancient world tended to have a negative connotation. Often, ancient passions led to sins or unhappiness. In Greek mythology, divine beings could not control their passions as Euripides wrote about in Medea. However, Buddhists see passions as undesirable, and they take steps to suppress their passions to achieve enlightenment. Christianity instructs followers to control their passions, however they do not restrict them to the extent that Buddhists doRead MoreEssay about Strategic Use of Dialogue in Euripides Medea1403 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Use of Dialogue in Euripides Medea Euripides employs the technique of dialogue between two solo actors on stage throughout Medea to dramatize the core values underlying these conversations. In particular, through the conversations that Medea holds with three different males, she shows herself to be a person of great intellect. Females were rarely valued for their intelligence because the Athenians had a complacent pride in the superiority of the Greek masculinity (page 641 )Read More Similarities Between Aristophanes Lysistrata and Euripides Medea 896 Words   |  4 PagesEuripides Medea The poetic tone of Aristophanes Lysistrata differs greatly from the poetic tone of the Greek tragedies we have read in class. However, after analyzing this Greek comedy, it seems to share some of the main characteristics of Euripides Medea. Within these plays, we meet shrewd, powerful masculine women who use the art of manipulation to get what they want from others and to accomplish their goals. This theme of manipulation is employed through various means and techniques. TheRead MoreComparing Medea And Seneca s Medea1784 Words   |  8 PagesMedea is a popular and influential play which has been revitalized by many authors on their versions of the story; telling the story of Medea who s seeking revenge against her husband Jason. In this essay I will be discussing the ways in which Seneca s Medea responds to the original by Euripides. Exploring key themes such as emotion, exile, revenge and the roles of the characters and chorus between both of these plays. I will also be making a connection with this historically by analyzing theRead MoreThe Chorus as a Homonym 1168 Words   |  5 Pages In Jean Anouilh’s Antigone and in Euripides’s Medea the Chorus is both a tool for characterization and representation of theme; however, the ways they function in their respective plays are noticeably different. The differences in the way the Choruses function in each respective play make the name of the character â€Å"the Chorus† a homonym, same name different meaning. The Chorus in Antigone functions to incorporate the technique of metatheatre. The purpose of metatheatre is to provide a separationRead MoreGene And Drive Systems1621 Words   |  7 Pagescrashed into mosquito populaces inside a time span satisfactory to general wellbeing objectives. Probably the most guaranteeing gene drive systems right now being explored incorporate homing endonuclease genes (HEGs), transposable elements (TEs), Medea elements, the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia, designed underdominance genes, and meiotic drive. The Core Working Group on Guidance for Contained Field Trials has distinguished a few potential unfavorable impacts of transgenic mosquitoes that mustRead MoreThe Use and Abuse of Power by the Female Protagonists in Strindbergs Miss Julie and Euripides Medea1659 Words   |  7 Pagesand Medea by Euripides explore the theme of power struggle. Julie, the Count’s daughter, was raised by a mother who hated men; Strindberg hence presents a confused character who struggles with her sexual desire for men juxtaposing with her need to dominate them. She feels compelled to use her social status when dealing with  Jean. Medea, on the other hand, is presented as a brave, unpredictable, almost barbaric woman of extremes; she has committed several crimes on her husband’s  behalf. Medea is constantly

Econ Free Essays

Two main vulnerabilities of the diamond industry: price of diamond linked to supply and value diamond linked to belief that they are rare and therefore special, and thus suitable token of sentiment. Dabbers exercised monopoly power by effectively controlling production and distribution of diamonds, thus controlling supply and ability to control pricing. When the market started to shift as other sources of diamonds were discovered, Dabbers still held an advantaged position as they had sole control of the distributors, which gave them the power and Influence to broker a deal with these emerging suppliers. We will write a custom essay sample on Econ or any similar topic only for you Order Now This combined with a large and successful marketing campaign Increased sentimental value and perception of scarcity, which Increased consumer’s willingness to pay the prices, set by the cartel. The perception of scarcity ultimately made demand Inelastic, and allowed for Dabbers to set an optimal linear price. While price discrimination is often seen as the best way to increase consumer surplus and minimize dead weight loss, in Dabbers case, as is the case with many luxury goods, its high price signals its value to the consumer, and the consumer can then signal their status to others when the wear he product. The difficulty of diamond mining lent itself to a spirit of cooperation out of necessity. It is not an undertaking that could be done successfully on a small scale, and it was impossible to know for certain which land claim was â€Å"lucky’ and would produce a good output. This, in addition to problematic mining conditions over time, lead to the cooperative partnerships between the miners. This laid the groundwork for the formation of the Dabbers cartel. The idea of collusion between the suppliers to form a monopoly was perceived as a rare opportunity to exercise market control over apply and price. A better resolution for the dispute with the Israeli dealers might have been to attempt to address the issue influencing their actions (worries about financial security during an economic depression) by offering support O. E. Stock options) rather than pointed threats, they could have avoided the damage done to the diamond market, as well as relations with other members of the cartel. While the actions they took did showcase the cartels authority, and signal to those In the cartel that defection would not be tolerated, It also exposed the fallibility of the cartel, and ultimately signaled the beginning of the end the diamond monopoly. The Soviets had the leverage to take down the cartel In Its entirety, as they provided the largest supply of the highest quality diamonds, and had the means to produce and distribute at a competitive price. When the cold war ended and the state no longer held sole control of the Soviet diamond industry, as well as a Canada monopoly had passed for the cartel. No longer able to control the market, Dabbers reorganized itself into an efficient and highly competitive vertically integrated model. How to cite Econ, Papers Econ Free Essays In order the units are: 1. Analyzing and measuring the size of the economy. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Econ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Explaining, measuring and analyzing how prices and inflation are determined in the long-run. 3. Explaining the determination and measurement of unemployment in the long-run. 4. Analyzing and interpreting the role of financial markets (including exchange rates) in the economy. 5. Analyzing the business cycle and recommending appropriate fiscal and monetary policy. Course Description: This course will consist of on-line lectures and hands-on activities. All of the work to be handed in will take lace through Papilla. You will need to complete the readings and you need to complete them before lecture. Studies show that reading before lecture improves exam performance, on average, by 22%. This is a free lunch: you have to do the reading sometime, so by doing it earlier rather than later you will boost your grade without any extra work! Textbook: Principles of Economics for GUCCI, by N. Gregory Manama. Coinage Learning. The Economics department has negotiated a custom bundle of the textbook, along with an Papilla, subscription for $87. 50. The Papilla obstruction includes access to the digital edition of the textbook. This is the least costly option. You should purchase a copy ahead of time, or have the bookstore ship the textbook to you (be sure to allow plenty of shipping time). Alternatively, you can purchase a stand alone access to Papilla (which includes the e-book version of the textbook) for $134 for one quarter of access and $149 for two quarters of access. The course web page will provide detailed instructions on how to access the course Papilla site. You need to have access to Papilla by the start of the course. If you don’t purchase a copy from the bookstore you will have to purchase the more expensive stand alone access to Papilla. Communication in an Online Class Almost all communication will take place through the forums on the class website. There is a forum set up for general questions. You will also be assigned a TA. Questions that are not appropriate for the general forum should be directed first to the TA. If it is a question that can only be answered by the professor, then the TA will forward your message along. Office hours are by appointment. There are many dents enrolled in this course, so it may take 1-2 business days to receive a reply. The class is located at http://summer. Learn. Gucci. Du. The GAP is a set of voluntary multiple choice questions (90 in total each week with a Sunday at 1 1 :45 p. M. Deadline) that you can work through in Papilla to earn up to 450 points that are added to your total points used to compute your letter grade. There is no penalty for not participating: every question that you answer correctly will earn you an additional point. The GAP questions are open-book. Therefore, with the GAP oh can insure yourself against a lower than expected grade on the midterm and final exam by completing additional work. The GAP is a great opportunity to earn the letter grade that you hope to achieve! Example of GAP: To see how the GAP might work for you consider the following hypothetical scenario. A student received 630 Assignment points (90%), 400 Midterm points (80%), 700 Final points (70%) and 280 Participation points (93%). Without doing any of the GAP work, this student would receive a total score of 2010 (80%) which would translate to a letter grade of B. Now suppose that this student correctly answered 50 GAP questions each week in Papilla. Then the GAP would increase the total score by 250 points, bringing the total to 2260 or a letter grade of A-. The GAP program allows you to put in as much work as you want, through studying hard for the exams or working through the GAP assignments, to earn the grade you deserve. Page 2 of 5 A Remark on Academic Honesty: It is the university policy that academic dishonesty is unacceptable and will not be tolerated at the University of California, Irvine. Here is hat I expect: ; All exams are closed note/closed book exams. With the exception of assignments, you may not receive or elicit assistance from another person or student. ; I define cheating as using the aid of notes, books, other students, or any programs in a calculator. Code of Conduct All participants in the course are bound by the University of California Code of Conduct, found at http://www. Cop. Du/chophouse/accorder/subspecies/ass/ chuck. HTML. Students with Disabilities: If you need support or assistance because of a d isability, you may be eligible for accommodations or services through the Disability Services Center at US Irvine. For more information, contact this office at (949) 824-7494 (voice), (949) 824-6272 (TTY), at www. Disability. Gucci. Du or stop by the center at Building 313 on the US Irvine map. A Remark about Electronic Communications: This course has a number of â€Å"social media† outlets to increase interaction. I may choose to not answer some of your questions. Some questions may require you to see me in person. Since all communication in this course will be written it is important to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of on-line communication. The advantages are that you have more opportunity for careful and thoughtful expression. The disadvantages are that it misses more subtle communication cues such as body language and tone. Please be aware that there is always the possibility of miscommunication and compose your comments in a positive, supportive and constructive manner. Course Schedule (tentative): Date 7/28 Issue Introduction to Class Course Orientation Become familiar with the course website and Papilla. Measuring and analyzing the size of the economy (caps. 23- 25) 2 8/04 3 8/11 How to cite Econ, Papers

So I Write free essay sample

The pen is loudest when our voice is silent. Every writer has their inspiration, their muse. They write to spin a story, to get an idea or point across, I write to speak. Living in a home that feels more like a barless prison; where you have little to no voice on matters of your own life, takes a toll. So I write. The thoughts that keep trying to push their way out of my mouth and fly free in the air, flow freely onto my paper. My pen is louder than my voice ever was. Thoughts that I only wish I could tell my mom, are stopped by a wall called culture. Speaking out against her for defending my own beliefs would be interpreted as disrespectful. So I remain silent, not daring to utter a sound. All I can do is wait until I’m able to spread my wings and finally feel the freedom and independence I’ve craved for for so long. We will write a custom essay sample on So I Write or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Until then, I write. It seems that as I grew older, the worse my home seemed to me. It felt like the walls shrunk, little by little, almost like it was trying to suffocate me. The one sided yelling matches between my mom and I grew more frequent as I gathered more courage to speak out, but it wasn’t enough. She always found some way to stop me before I even got started. I was learning to speak out against her, albeit a little late, but better than never. My writing got shorter as some of my thoughts were voiced. As I wrote, my world expanded without my knowing. I went back and reread some of the things I had written, and realized that my thoughts had changed and shifted their focus. Instead of writing about my prison-like home I began to write about the world. Interacting with my friends and finding out their views on subjects got me thinking about what my views were. I slowly turned my attention away from my own problems, and started thinking about the hardships that others go through. What was once an outlet for my unspoken thoughts and silent words is now a way in which I record what I learn about the world through my own eyes and of the others around me. As Henry David Thoreau once said, â€Å"How vain is it to sit down to write, when you have not stood up to live?†. Now I sit down to write what I have lived to see, and let my voice be louder than my pen as it should be.

Democracy As Myth Essays - Human Resource Management, Corporatism

Democracy As Myth Each of us is aware that change is everywhere we look. No segment of society is exempt. We as the public are dealing with the advent of continuous and ever increasing change. Change in technology, change in resource availability, change in national demographics, change in workforce diversity, change in simply every facet of the organizational environment and context in which public institutions must operate. Change, as the saying goes, has truly become the only constant. The challenge for organizations is whether they can become flexible enough, fast enough. And will they do it on terms set by the organizational culture, and then adapt and succeed in the face of it or will they challenge the status quo and attempt to transform the prevailing culture. What follows is the story of a public organization, which is trying to change the context under which it performs rather than be changed by that context. In the realm of Philosophy, as Erasmus of Rotterdam, the first truly great humanist of the modern age once said, "The intent suffices in a great design". Erasmus, no doubt was right. However, beyond simple intent, or to phrase it in the current vernacular, vision, action is required to bring the vision to life. In any age, there are those individuals willing to challenge the status quo, whether it is in the field of politics, science, business, or public administration. If these individuals are to enjoy a measure of success, they must be willing to take an inordinate amount of risk and withstand criticism, indifference and cynicism from every quarter. Most importantly, they must have the capacity to envision a great design and then transform that vision into action. A skeptic would find little or no relationship between philosophy and the modern practice of the public. A purist would probably go further and find offensive the very idea of comparing these two seemingly opposed disciplines. One, grounded in the metaphysical pursuit of knowledge for its own sake, and the other, a pragmatic and practical effort to conduct the public's business, appear to be at opposite ends of an intellectual continuum. Closer examination reveals that both disciplines share similar characteristics and both pursue parallel aims. Philosophy and public administration seek to understand human motivation, philosophy for the sake of pure knowledge, and public administration to harness this understanding to practical ends. Human apprehension and resistance to change is but one aspect of this understanding that is shared by both disciplines. The idea of a flatter, more horizontal organization, one with a minimum number of organizational layers separating the front line employees from senior management is by no means new. Organizations, if one can call them that, in the early years of the industrial revolution consistently reflected an absolute minimum number of layers. Indeed, a face to face relationship often existed between ownership or management and the employee or worker. As methods of production grew increasingly complex and the principles of scientific management were applied, more and more layers of organizational structure were created. Organizations being ongoing entities, these layers tended to become permanent features of the organizational landscape, often well beyond the time where they're original intent and usefulness has become obsolete. The private as well as the public sectors has found that the pressures of operating successful enterprises in an ever-changing competitive world, demand new management approaches. A realization has emerged that a principal impediment to the rapid response to a changing environment is organizational structure. Cultures Slowly at first, and with increasing intensity as the weeks went by, a document that was to serve as an organizational blueprint began to take shape. Five propositions were to serve as the guiding principles: We will treat all human beings with respect and dignity. Sharing is not a weakness. No one will lose compensation. No one will lose his or her job. A high priority will be given to training employees in new skills. The organization, which was to emerge, was to strive to become boundaryless, free from the confines of the hierarchical past, and organized around processes rather than functions. We desired to become a customer-oriented, fast, focused, flexible, friendly and fun organization. But here again the government felt as though they need to step in. We carefully blended concepts from a diverse variety of management thinkers. As we met in community meetings, every idea and suggestion that complemented our vision of the future organization was documented on video and considered. If we valued the people as assets, then we had to come to respect them.

An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essays

An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essays An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essay An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essay What is Aden trying to achieve in writing this poem? First of all, Aden is asking to meditate on the relationship between the past, the present and the future. The poem refers to the past as History is the operator People should not be limited by the past and it should help them to make the future > inspiration from the past (first part of the poem). Tomorrow the enlarging of consciousness by diet and breathing (plus all the lines on Tomorrow) indicate hope that humanity will draw from the creative past instead of destruction. The final nines are saying to act now in the present, not wait for History to solve everything. Once the omen has passed, you cannot offer help nor ask for forgiveness. Aden is also monopolizing the nations to get engaged in the war. And also inspire personal implication of the people of Spain and Europe. Overall, this poem is ambiguous, Aden doesnt take sides which makes this poem a special and a powerful representation of the Spanish Civil War. He shows the rights and wrongs on both sides (republican and nationalist). He also shows the contrast before, during and after the war (yesterday, today and tomorrow). Before war is the time for creation, invention and offering global universal history. Some of the lines that are the most convincing in convincing us of the significance of Spains Civil War are in stanza 18 the menacing shapes of out fever are precise and alive This stanza describes berry well the horror, terror, destruction that the war has brought upon the people. The war thoughts have replaced the normal everyday thoughts about the medicine ad and the brochure of winter cruises.

Mammography and MRI Availability Act of 2009 Essay

Mammography and MRI Availability Act of 2009 - Essay Example t African American women have the highest incidence of breast cancer and are 30% more likely to die of the disease than caucasian women, at least in part due to later stage disease detection in this group of women (Schuler, 2009). Breast cancer screening tools such as mammography were introduced into widespread use based on the presumption that early detection afforded by routine screening would lead to more effective treatment and overall survival rates from this disease. Data collected from numerous clinical trials indicate that mammography screening done on an annual basis is associated with a significant reduction in mortality rates from breast cancer (Elting, 2009). According to the World health organization (WHO), a 35% decrease in mortality from breast cancer is associated with biannual mammography in women between the ages of 50-69 years (Elting et al, 2009). The statistics on actual use of mammography as a diagnostic tool for women over 40 reveal that this screening modality is significantly underused by women in this age group for whom the test is most highly recommended. For example, in 2002 approximately 25% of eligible women did not receive this diagnostic test (Schueler, 2008). Racial and ethnic differences in screening percentages mean that caucasian women are far more likely to receive annual mammography, which may account in part for the increased death rates in African American women from breast cancer in that it is not as likely to be detected in this group at an early stage (Schueler et al, 2008). In addition, women from lower socioeconomic groups (lower income, less education) are less likely to receive annual mammography screening. Moreover, the statistics indicate that women living in rural areas are less likely to receive diagnostic screening than women living in urban areas in the US (Schueler et al, 2008). Research suggests that the most important factor accounting for these demographic and racial differences in screening rates

Observation 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Observation 2 - Assignment Example It also appealed to the social-emotional development as Elmo met people on the street. The interaction comprised of exchanging greetings and people helping Elmo find the alphabets. Bob the builder is a fantastic children TV series. Bob is a builder who fixes houses and other household items. For the children, it is educational and fun to learn about tools. In this episode Bob’s saw wears out and he had to replace it (YouTube, 2013). The series shows children how to protect themselves; the character Bob wears a helmet that is a lesson for children to protect themselves when they work around tools and machines. Although the series is gender-neutral, but there is a little hint of associating the tool work with men. I dont find it too dangerous because most of the handymen are males. Handling the tools and machines is relatively easier for men. I would allow my children to watch this series. Children can learn a lot by watching this cartoon series. The series nurtures children’s cognition and also teaches them how to engage with people. It feeds the necessary social intelligence. Kung Fu Panda depicts a team of animals fighting against the enemy to protect their village princess (YouTube, 2014). It is not educational in the sense that it does not teach children how to count or to teach them the alphabets. But it does teach them leadership skills and how to engage with the group. There is also a hint of Chinese/Japanese honor system where the character of panda, Po, is very devoted towards his masters, especially the princess (YouTube, 2014). It teaches children how to honor their mentors. It does not necessarily help educate children about their cognition or emotional intelligence, but it does teach them some values. Sesame Street and Bob the Builder are excellent shows, and there is hardly anything that I would point out as detrimental to child’s development. From the beginning to the end of

Planeación estratégica

Planeacià ³n estratà ©gica REPASO DE CONCEPTOS Bà SICOS Planeacià ³n: Proceso de establecer objetivos y escoger el medio mà ¡s apropiado para el logro de los mismos. Planeacià ³n estratà ©gica: Proceso por el cual los miembros guà ­a de una organizacià ³n prevà ©n su futuro y desarrolla los procedimientos y operaciones necesarias para alcanzarlo. La planeacià ³n estratà ©gica debe de responder a 3 preguntas:  ¿Hacia dà ³nde va?  ¿Cuà ¡l es el entorno?  ¿Cà ³mo lograrlo? La estrategia se involucra en 6 factores crà ­ticos Desarrollo consistente, explicito y proactivo Medio para establecer el propà ³sito en la organizacià ³n basado en los objetivos de largo plazo, planes de accià ³n y asignacià ³n de recursos En quà © tipo de negocio se està ¡ La estrategia representa una respuesta al FODA para la ventaja competitiva La estrategia ayuda a diferenciar las tareas ejecutivas y administrativas y los roles a nivel corporativo de negocio y funcionales. Constituye una forma de definir la contribucià ³n econà ³mica y no econà ³mica que la organizacià ³n harà ¡ a sus grupos de interà ©s, su razà ³n de ser. Administracià ³n estratà ©gica: Es la ejecucià ³n de la planeacià ³n estratà ©gica. Planeacià ³n tà ¡ctica y operativa: Se relacionan a cà ³mo hacer el trabajo, mientras que la planeacià ³n estratà ©gica se dedica a decir quà © se debe hacer. DIRECCIONAMIENTO ESTRATÉGICO: Es una disciplina que a travà ©s de un proceso denominado planeacià ³n estratà ©gica compila la estrategia de mercado que define la orientacià ³n de los productos y servicios hacia el mercado.  ¿Por quà © es importante desarrollar un plan estratà ©gico? La necesidad de contar con una visià ³n comà ºn y un sentido de trabajo en equipo El deseo de controlar el destino de la empresa El afà ¡n de obtener mà ¡s recursos para la operacià ³n. La percepcià ³n de que los à ©xitos operativos actuales de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a no eran garantà ­a para el futuro La necesidad de salir de los problemas La oportunidad de explotar un nueva coyuntura o abordar una nueva amenaza. La necesidad de pasarse la antorcha y cargarla cuando hay relevos en la direccià ³n. La planeacià ³n puede tener 4 enfoques: Reactiva o planeacià ³n a travà ©s del espejo retrovisor Inactiva o que va con la corriente Preactiva o que se prepara para el futuro Proactiva o que diseà ±a el futuro y hace que à ©ste suceda. ESTRATEGIAS Para el diseà ±o de la estrategia del negocio se debe conocer el perfil estratà ©gico de la empresa, el cual incluye: Su enfoque de innovacià ³n Su orientacià ³n hacia la toma de riesgos Su capacidad de crear el futuro en forma proactiva Su posicià ³n competitiva Elementos del diseà ±o de la estrategia del negocio: Identificar las principales là ­neas de negocios o actividades estratà ©gicas que la empresa desarrollara para cumplir su misià ³n. Establecer los indicadores crà ­ticos de à ©xito que permitirà ¡n a la organizacià ³n al progreso en cada là ­nea de negocio. Identificar las acciones estratà ©gicas mediante las cuales la empresa lograrà ¡ su visià ³n de la condicià ³n futura ideal. Determinar la cultura necesaria para apoyar el logro de las là ­neas de negocio, los indicadores crà ­ticos de à ©xito y las acciones estratà ©gicas. Grandes estrategias: Una gran estrategia consiste en un enfoque amplio y general que guà ­a las acciones de una là ­nea de negocio. Las grandes estrategias indican la manera como se pretenden lograr los planes estratà ©gicos de cada là ­nea de negocio. Pierce y Robinson identifican 12 grandes estrategias: Crecimiento concentrado o concentrarse en un solo producto que haya sido el soporte rentable de la organizacià ³n. Desarrollo del mercado, es decir, agregar nuevos consumidores a los mercados relacionados. Desarrollo de productos, es decir, crear productos nuevos y relacionados que se puedan vender en los mercados existentes. Innovacià ³n, o generacià ³n de productos tan novedosos y superiores que los existentes se vuelvan obsoletos. Integracià ³n horizontal, es decir, adquirir o fusionarse con una organizacià ³n similar, para reducir la competencia. Integracià ³n vertical: desarrollar una red interna de suministros o desarrollar un sistema de distribucià ³n interna que acerque mà ¡s la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a a sus usuarios finales. Joint-venture o hacer equipo con otra organizacià ³n para desarrollar un nuevo producto o mercado. Diversificacià ³n concà ©ntrica: adquirir o fusionarse con otras empresas que sean compatibles con la tecnologà ­a, mercados o productos de la empresa. Diversificacià ³n: adquirir o fusionarse con una compaà ±Ãƒ ­a que equilibre sus fortalezas y debilidades. Atrincheramiento o reversar las tendencias negativas en las utilidades mediante una variedad de mà ©todos de reduccià ³n de costos. Desistimiento: vender por completo o cerrar definitivamente un segmento de la organizacià ³n. Liquidacià ³n o venta total de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de acuerdo con sus activos tangibles y cierre definitivo. MODELO DE PLANEACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA (PE) Para la realizacià ³n de un plan estratà ©gico es necesario seguir los siguientes pasos: 1. Planeacià ³n para planear: Obtener respuestas antes de la inicializacià ³n de cualquier proceso de planeacià ³n. (Quien, cuando, donde, como.) 2. Monitoreo del entorno: Se debe monitorear 4 entornos principales: Macroentorno Industrial Competitivo Interno de la organizacià ³n 3. Bà ºsqueda de valores: Consiste en un examen de los valores actuales, la filosofà ­a de trabajo, los supuestos en las operaciones, la cultura organizacional, los valores de los grupos de interà ©s en su futuro. Valor segà ºn Rokeach: una conviccià ³n permanente de que una forma especà ­fica de conducta o estado final de existencia se prefiere de manera personal o social ante una forma opuesta de conducta o condicià ³n final de existencia. 4. Formulacià ³n de la misià ³n: Desarrollar un enunciado claro del tipo de negocio en que se halla la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. (Que, para quien, cà ³mo y por quà ©.) 5. Diseà ±o de la estrategia de negocio: Implica el intento inicial de la organizacià ³n para descubrir en detalle los pasos a travà ©s de los cuales se logra la misià ³n de la organizacià ³n. Acciones del proceso de diseà ±o: Identificar: LDN: productos o servicios que ofrecerà ¡ la organizacià ³n en el futuro. Establecer: ICE: indicadores crà ­ticos de à ©xito. Identificar acciones estratà ©gicas mediante las cuales la empresa lograrà ¡ su visià ³n de la condicià ³n futura ideal. Determinar la cultura necesaria para apoyar a las 3 anteriores. 6. Auditoria del desempeà ±o: Desarrollar una comprensià ³n clara de del desempeà ±o actual. FODA, el propà ³sito es poder proporcionar datos para el anà ¡lisis de brechas. 7. Anà ¡lisis de Brechas: Identificar las brechas entre el desempeà ±o actual y el desempeà ±o que se requiere para la exitosa realizacià ³n del modelo de estrategia del negocio. Evaluacià ³n de la realidad vs auditoria del desempeà ±o. El fin es cerrar las brechas entre lo actual y lo deseado en la estrategia de negocios, para ello està ¡n: Ampliar el tiempo para lograr el objetivo, Reducir el alcance del objetivo, Reasignar los recursos y obtener nuevos recursos. 8. Integracià ³n de los planes de accià ³n: Cada LDN debe desarrollar estrategias o planes maestros de negocios. Diversas unidades deben desarrollar planes operativos con base al plan. Pierce y Robinson hablan de 12 estrategias diferentes que se pueden implementar: Crecimiento Concentrado (en un solo producto) Desarrollo de Mercado Desarrollo del producto (crear nuevos bienes) Innovacià ³n Integracià ³n Horizontal Integracià ³n vertical Joint Venture ( Unirse solo para formar un nuevo producto) Diversificacià ³n concà ©ntrica ( adquirir o fusionarse con compaà ±Ãƒ ­as compatibles) Diversificacià ³n Atrincheramiento ( reduccià ³n de costos ) Desposeimiento Liquidacià ³n 9. Planeacià ³n de Contingencias: La planeacià ³n de contingencias implica: Identificar las amenazas y las oportunidades internas y externas Desarrollar puntos de partida a fin de iniciar acciones para cada contingencia Acordar los pasos respectivos para cada punto de partida 10. Implementacià ³n: Implica la iniciacià ³n concurrente de de varios planes tà ¡cticos y operativos diseà ±ados en el nivel funcional mas el monitoreo y la integracià ³n de los planes a nivel organizacional. DEFINICIÓN DE LOS VALORES DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN: La bà ºsqueda de valores en la planeacià ³n estratà ©gica aplicada involucra un anà ¡lisis profundo de los siguientes 5 elementos: Los valores personales del equipo de planeacià ³n Los valores de la organizacià ³n como un todo La filosofà ­a de la organizacià ³n La cultura de la organizacià ³n Los grupos de interà ©s de la organizacià ³n Como manejar las diferencias de valores personales: No pasar por alto un escozor Trabajar en la diferencia antes que se convierta en un problema. Las personas que tienen diferencias deben dialogar y tratar de resolverlas por sus propias cuentas Es bueno solicitar sugerencias al consultor sobre como acercarse a la otra persona o como definir el asunto de la mejor manera. Si alguien se acerca a usted con una diferencia de valores debe estar dispuesto a trabajar con ella sobre ese problema. Si despuà ©s de haber intentado solucionar el problema por su propia cuenta, no hay ningà ºn cambio, debe buscar la ayuda de un consultor. Si un individuo se queja ante usted de los valores de otra persona, motà ­velo a analizar el asunto con dicha persona. ANà LISIS Y MONITOREO DEL ENTORNO: Dos aspectos del proceso y alcance del monitoreo del entorno: a. Tipos de informacià ³n obtenida y la forma como se debe utilizar esta b. Efectividad del sistema de compilacià ³n, almacenamiento, procesamiento, integracià ³n y difusià ³n de la informacià ³n. La informacià ³n debe identificar oportunidades y amenazas emergentes en el entorno externo. Luego debe identificar sus fortalezas y debilidades para responder a estas oportunidades y amenazas. Se deben examinar con regularidad 4 entornos: Macroentorno Entorno industrial Entorno competitivo Entorno interno organizacional Aspectos econà ³micos: Tasas de interà ©s, Ciclo del negocio (afecta a la contraccià ³n expansià ³n) 5 pasos para el sistema de bà ºsqueda de informacià ³n estratà ©gica: Identificar las necesidades de informacià ³n de la empresa en especial para la siguiente fase de la planeacià ³n estratà ©gica. Generar una lista de fuentes de informacià ³n que proporcionen datos esenciales. Identificar a quienes participaran en el proceso de monitoreo del entorno (no miembros del equipo de planeacià ³n). Asignar tareas de monitoreo a varios miembros de la organizacià ³n Almacenar y difundir la informacià ³n AUDITORIA DEL DESEMPEÑO: El equipo de planeacià ³n debe evaluar donde se encuentra la organizacià ³n actualmente con respeto a: Perfil estratà ©gico  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   LDN  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Estrategias  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cultura 1. Anà ¡lisis FODA: Fortalezas y debilidades internas: Identificar las debilidades que es necesario manejar o evitar cuando se formule el plan y asà ­ mismo las fortalezas que se pueden aprovechar para lograr el futuro deseado. Oportunidades y amenazas externas: El equipo de planeacià ³n debe estudiar competidores, proveedores, mercados y clientes, tendencias econà ³micas, condiciones del mercado laboral y reglamentos gubernamentales en todos los niveles que puedan influir en la empresa, en forma negativa o positiva. La auditoria del desempeà ±o interno debe cumplir con 5 à ¡reas clave: El estado de cada uno de las là ­neas de negocio actuales de la organizacià ³n y sus recursos no aprovechados con relacià ³n a cualquier là ­nea de negocio que se pueda agregar. El estado de sus sistemas de seguimiento, es decir, la disponibilidad de los indicadores crà ­ticos de à ©xito identificados en el diseà ±o de la estrategia del negocio. El perfil estratà ©gico de la organizacià ³n, en especial, sus niveles de creatividad, sus niveles usuales de toma de riesgos y su enfoque de la competencia. Los recursos del sistema para ejecutar las diversas estrategias que la empresa ha escogido a fin de lograr su misià ³n, incluidas su estructura y talento administrativo. Un anà ¡lisis de la cultura organizacional actual, incluida su actual forma de realizar los negocios. 2. Là ­neas de negocio: El primer paso en la auditoria del desempeà ±o interno consiste en analizar cada là ­nea de negocio existente. Se debe tratar de utilizar los indicadores crà ­ticos de à ©xito establecidos durante el diseà ±o de la estrategia de negocio. Esto permitirà ¡ determinar si hay un sistema de seguimiento adecuado o planear uno en caso de que sea necesario. 3. Sistemas de seguimiento: La auditoria del desempeà ±o interno, que requiere la compilacià ³n y estudio de una variedad de indicadores del desempeà ±o, representa un examen general del desempeà ±o recuente de la organizacià ³n en tà ©rminos de los à ­ndices bà ¡scios de desempeà ±o que se hayan identificado como decisivos en el perfil estratà ©gico. Algunos ejemplos son: Flujo de caja, crecimiento, contratacià ³n, tecnologà ­a, operaciones, TIR. 4. Perfil estratà ©gico Es necesario incluir los siguientes 4 factores en el perfil estratà ©gico de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a: El nivel de creatividad Utilizacià ³n previa en la construccià ³n del futuro en forma proactiva Su orientacià ³n hacia la toma de riesgos Su posicià ³n competitiva tà ­pica Cuando la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a se fundamenta en estos factores su perfil estratà ©gico proporciona un contexto para comprender como empezara a ejecutar cualquier plan estratà ©gico. 5. Anà ¡lisis de los recursos: Para hacer este anà ¡lisis se debe hacer la siguiente pregunta:  ¿Cuà ¡les son los recursos actuales del sistema? Debe incluir competencias de personas, vacà ­os a llenar y cà ³mo hacerlo, recursos financieros para el crecimiento y como podrà ­an enfrentarse, etc. 6. Cultura Organizacional:  ¿De quà © manera ayuda o interfiere con la consecucià ³n de su misià ³n? Un mà ©todo para organizar las diversas impresiones de la cultura de la empresa consiste en utilizar el modelo de Harrison y Stokes hay 4 diferentes tipos de cultura organizacional: Cultura del poder Cultura del rol Cultura del logro Cultura del apoyo 7. Herramientas analà ­ticas adicionales: Ciclo de vida Los productos o servicios determinados progresan a travà ©s de una serie de etapas identificadas como un ciclo de vida. Las etapas son surgimiento, crecimiento, madurez y decadencia. Se debe identificar en que etapa del ciclo se encuentra cada LDN y en cual se hallan los productos o servicios clave. Anà ¡lisis de portafolio BCG: Los productos o servicios se catalogan en perro, vaca lechera, signo de interrogacià ³n o nià ±o problema, de acuerdo a las utilidades y volumen de ventas. 9. Oportunidades y amenazas externas: Se deben incluir los siguientes entornos: Entorno industrial: Cliente, disponibilidad MP, mezcla actual de marketing, ciclo de vida de la industria Competitivo: Intensidad de la rivalidad, amenaza de nuevos competidores, poder negociacià ³n de compradores, poder de negociacià ³n de los proveedores, la presià ³n de sustitutos. General: Econà ³mico, social, polà ­tico Especà ­fico: Aspectos no competitivos del entorno industrial, clientes, disponibilidad de materia prima, mezcla de marketing, ciclo de vida de la industria. ANà LISIS FODA: Despuà ©s de desarrollar el plan estratà ©gico, el equipo de planeacià ³n debe avaluar en donde se encuentra la organizacià ³n actualmente con respecto a cada uno de los aspectos. Es decir, se debe hacer una auditoria del desempeà ±o. Esto constituye un esfuerzo para identificar que es y donde se encuentra la organizacià ³n en la actualidad. Implica un estudio profundo y simultà ¡neo, tanto de sus debilidades y fortalezas internas, como de aquellos factores externos, es decir, oportunidades y amenazas que afronta la empresa. Una forma de hacer esta evaluacià ³n es utilizando la herramienta FODA: Fortalezas y debilidades internas: Identificar las debilidades que es necesario manejar o evitar cuando se formule el plan y asà ­ mismo las fortalezas que se pueden aprovechar para lograr el futuro deseado. Oportunidades y amenazas externas: El equipo de planeacià ³n debe estudiar competidores, proveedores, mercados y clientes, tendencias econà ³micas, condiciones del mercado laboral y reglamentos gubernamentales en todos los niveles que puedan influir en la empresa, en forma negativa o positiva. La auditoria del desempeà ±o interno debe cumplir con 5 à ¡reas clave: El estado de cada uno de las là ­neas de negocio actuales de la organizacià ³n y sus recursos no aprovechados con relacià ³n a cualquier là ­nea de negocio que se pueda agregar. El estado de sus sistemas de seguimiento, es decir, la disponibilidad de los indicadores crà ­ticos de à ©xito identificados en el diseà ±o de la estrategia del negocio. El perfil estratà ©gico de la organizacià ³n, en especial, sus niveles de creatividad, sus niveles usuales de toma de riesgos y su enfoque de la competencia. Los recursos del sistema para ejecutar las diversas estrategias que la empresa ha escogido a fin de lograr su misià ³n, incluidas su estructura y talento administrativo. Un anà ¡lisis de la cultura organizacional actual, incluida su actual forma de realizar los negocios. FORMULACIÓN DE LA VISIÓN Y LA MISIÓN: Este paso le sigue a la definicià ³n de los valores de la empresa, ya que tanto la misià ³n como la visià ³n deben ser congruentes con los valores establecidos. Una declaracià ³n de la misià ³n dirige la razà ³n de ser fundamental de la empresa y especifica el rol principal que esta va a desempeà ±ar en su entorno. Al formular la declaracià ³n de la misià ³n, una organizacià ³n debe responder 4 preguntas fundamentales:  ¿Quà © funciones desempeà ±a la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a?  ¿Para quià ©n desempeà ±a esta funcià ³n la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a?  ¿Cà ³mo va la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a en el cumplimiento de su funcià ³n?  ¿Por quà © existe la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a? Fuerzas conductoras Otro factor importante que se debe considerar es identificar y dar prioridad a las fuerzas conductoras de la empresa. Hay 8 categorà ­as bà ¡sicas: Productos ofrecidos Mercado atendido Tecnologà ­a Capacidad de produccià ³n a bajo costo Capacidad de operaciones Mà ©todo de distribucià ³n / venta Recursos naturales Utilidad / retorno

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Davis Weiss The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a federal statute that was signed into law in America by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. It is divided into 10 titles. The bill contains provisions that will go into effect on June 21, 2010 and September 23, 2010. Also, the additional provisions will go into effect in 2014. Title I of H. R. 3590 will ensure quality affordable health care for all Americans by eliminating discriminatory practices by health insurers such as pre-existing condition exclusions. Title I also extends dependant coverage up to age 26, caps insurance companies non-medical expenses, and prevents unfair termination of insurance policies. Title II expands eligibility for Medicaid to lower income persons and assumes federal responsibility for much of the cost of this expansion. These bills provide enhanced federal support for the Children’s Health Insurance Program, simplify Medicaid and CHIP enrollment, and improve Medicaid services. Title III will strengthen the quality of healthcare by establishing The Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) which is a value-based purchasing program for hospitals that link Medicare payments to quality performance. Title IV puts into place a new interagency council to promote healthy policies and to establish a national prevention and health promotion strategy. Title V will encourage innovations in health care workforce training, recruitment, and retention, and will establish a new workforce commission. Title VI creates new requirements to provide information to the public on the health system and promotes a newly invigorated set of requirements to combat fraud and abuse in pubic and private programs. Title VII allows certain hospitals and treatment centers to receive discounted and/or generic drugs to aid their budget. Title VIII establishes a new, voluntary, self-funded long-term care insurance program, the Community Living Assistance Services and Support (CLASS) Independence Benefit Plan, for the purchase of community living assistance services and supports by individuals with functional limitations. No taxpayer funds will be used to pay benefits under this provision. Title IX levies an excise tax of 40 percent on insurance companies and plan administrators for any health coverage plan that is above the threshold of $10,200 for individual coverage and $27,500 for family coverage. It also requires employers to disclose the value of the benefit provided by the employer for each employee’s health insurance coverage on the employee’s annual Form W-2. And lastly, Title X requires employers that offer and make a contribution towards employee coverage to provide free choice vouchers to qualified employees for the purchase of qualified health plans through Exchanges. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act reforms the health care system by expanding the availability of health insurance, regulating health insurance coverage, and restructuring health care delivery, including how it is paid for. The bill would reduce the number of uninsured Americans by 31 million, leaving only 6 percent of nonelderly adults uninsured. A number of different mechanisms are used to increase coverage, including expanding Medicaid, which provides insurance to low-income parents and children at very small cost; establishing state-based insurance exchanges with subsidies for low- and middle-income households; requiring individuals to obtain coverage; and mandating that most employers offer health insurance. The new act would make Medicaid available to all individuals earning less than 133 percent of the federal poverty line, or $14,500 a year ($29,500 for a family of four) while improving services for beneficiaries. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also create state-based health insurance exchanges, called Health Benefit Exchanges, which are marketplaces where consumers can shop for and purchase health insurance. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act include numerous reforms of the health insurance market, in many cases regulating this market for the first time. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that about 8 million such persons would remain uninsured. Additionally, the bill restricts access to abortion services in the Health Benefits Exchanges and, in particular, for people receiving federal subsidies. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act saves money by reducing the cost of premiums that families and individuals pay to maintain their health insurance policies. It also saves money by getting rid of waste in the medical industry by establishing a center where physicians can report waste and by supporting comparison shopping for medical equipment. In addition, the act helps small businesses to save money by giving them the opportunity o offer health benefits to their employees without devastating the budget of their company. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act raise revenue by imposing an annual fee on the health insurance sector. Such fees would be imposed on insurance companies that sell high cost health insurance plans. The fee is designed to generate smarter, more cost-effective health coverage choices. The r econciliation bill delays this new fee until 2018 so that plans have time to implement reform and begin to save from its efficiencies. The amount of the fee is $8. 0 billion in 2014, $11. 3 billion in years 2015-2016, $13. 9 billion in 2017, and $14. 3 billion in 2018. According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the legislation will reduce the deficit by $138 billion over the first decade and by $1. 2 trillion in the second decade, as compared to current legislation. The CBO has recalculated its estimates several times, first projecting a savings of $132 billion, then $118 billion, and $143 billion. It also increases the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) tax rate by 0. percentage points on an individual taxpayer earning over $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples filing jointly). The revenues from this tax will be credited to the HI trust fund. The taxable base of the HI tax is also broadened by including net investment income. The act would also impose a ten percent tax on amounts paid for indoor tanning services. The tax is effective for services on or after July 1, 2010. Reduces the deficit in the next ten years and beyond. The bill is fully paid for with revenue provisions that focus on paying for reform within the health care system. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 1. Determine how this Federal law will affect market-driven and non-market driven decisions. This federal will affect the marketing aspect of the health care industry regardless if they are driven or not. If the companies are driven and market correctly then they will be able to attract people that are willing to pay for the services they provide. This will cause for private health insurance providers to change the way they provide services. The new marketing strategies will show how they are providing better care for those who have pre-existing conditions. This law will affect how the private health insurance sector markets the different types of services they provide. The companies will have to go back and look at how they are marketing their services to get the clients they want to attract. If they are market driven then they will market things that are more appealing to the clientele they currently serve or want to be serving, this could involve free health screening, more bang for their bucks, and the opportunity to understand all that the company offers to its insured. Some will be more ambitious to provide new marketing ideas to keep current clients and attract new ones while others might hate change and move slower towards new ideas. This will cause them to either loose current clients and not attract new ones. 2. Describe the circumstances at which you would prepare a strategic plan to include this new law in your marketing decisions, knowing this new law may or may not take effect. I would focus more on the issue of providing current policy holders that currently have pre-existing conditions with better options to health care. I would try to incorporate lower premiums or not charge them as much as competing insurance companies do. I would advertise free screening to all my customers and guarantee coverage. I would sit down with each of my potential policy holders and explain to them the ins and outs of what we offer and what would benefit them. I would want them to feel cared about and not just another policy number. They would feel comfortable coming to us with questions or concerns they may have about their policy. I would provide an around the clock support line just in case they came across a situation where they needed guidance. Also something that would be extremely important would be to have a website where all the needed forms can be accessed and they would also have access to their account information online. My marketing strategy would emphasize on family and hospitality, since that’s what’s most important to people. 3. Discuss how each of the five (5) environmental forces will be affected by the new law, which you believe will be the most affected and why. -Jockeying for position among current competitors. This is the aggressive competition between current firms or companies, the fact that these insurance companies will spend so much on having the best marketing strategy will cause the return compensation to be low. This is because they spend so much money on marketing and competing with its opponents. -Threat of new entrants. Since the new law applies to everyone that means everyone will most likely have to start from scratch or updater their antics. If it’s easy for new comers to come along and get their program up and running, the competitions between the difference companies will only become fiercer. Some barriers of entries for the new comers are if existing customers can trust their current companies, or if there are elevated fixed rates or not enough access to resources. -Bargaining power of customers. If the consumers can produce enough force to affect how many boundaries and capacity they can create, then they hold an incredible amount of power. Reasons why the consumers can have so much power is if they buy large amounts of the products being sold, if the company doesn’t have very many clients, or if they have the opportunity to change companies due to products eing so easy to come about. -Threat of substitute products or services. Depending on whether or not the cost of changing up providers is low and more efficient will determine if substituting is necessary. If the insurance companies are marketing the same products and services that one is already using depending on which more is appealing to the purchaser will determine who gets the service. -Bargaining power o f suppliers. If these insurance companies can produce enough force to affect how many boundaries and capacity the companies can create, then they hold an incredible amount of power. Reasons why the companies can have so much power is if there are limited or no alternates, not many companies with products of interest, or they have something of extreme interest to the buyers and they can’t go without it. I think the rivalry between the current firms will be affected the most, because they will be so wrapped up in their marketing strategy and trying to be the best that they won’t really notice how much money they are spending on the project. Once it starts to show that they are actually losing more money than they are making then it will be too late and another company would have come in and stolen the pie. 4. Describe one (1) new target audience and include the characteristics of their demographic and psychographic profiles. The new target audiences the insurance companies are focused on are lower middle income families instead of higher income families. They base this on income brackets, which neighborhoods theses potential clients live in blue collar workers versus white collar workers. Some companies only serve them through current employment under business aspects. Another target audience is expecting women; the insurance companies are looking to insure the baby as soon as it’s born. This way they can collect premiums on the infants from the start of their lives, while insurance policies for them are extremely high. They also allow young people to be insured who are likely to die soon due to illnesses in their families and based on current health conditions. This way they can assemble the premiums and not have to pay out so much money in the process. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Davis Weiss The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a federal statute that was signed into law in America by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. It is divided into 10 titles. The bill contains provisions that will go into effect on June 21, 2010 and September 23, 2010. Also, the additional provisions will go into effect in 2014. Title I of H. R. 3590 will ensure quality affordable health care for all Americans by eliminating discriminatory practices by health insurers such as pre-existing condition exclusions. Title I also extends dependant coverage up to age 26, caps insurance companies non-medical expenses, and prevents unfair termination of insurance policies. Title II expands eligibility for Medicaid to lower income persons and assumes federal responsibility for much of the cost of this expansion. These bills provide enhanced federal support for the Children’s Health Insurance Program, simplify Medicaid and CHIP enrollment, and improve Medicaid services. Title III will strengthen the quality of healthcare by establishing The Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) which is a value-based purchasing program for hospitals that link Medicare payments to quality performance. Title IV puts into place a new interagency council to promote healthy policies and to establish a national prevention and health promotion strategy. Title V will encourage innovations in health care workforce training, recruitment, and retention, and will establish a new workforce commission. Title VI creates new requirements to provide information to the public on the health system and promotes a newly invigorated set of requirements to combat fraud and abuse in pubic and private programs. Title VII allows certain hospitals and treatment centers to receive discounted and/or generic drugs to aid their budget. Title VIII establishes a new, voluntary, self-funded long-term care insurance program, the Community Living Assistance Services and Support (CLASS) Independence Benefit Plan, for the purchase of community living assistance services and supports by individuals with functional limitations. No taxpayer funds will be used to pay benefits under this provision. Title IX levies an excise tax of 40 percent on insurance companies and plan administrators for any health coverage plan that is above the threshold of $10,200 for individual coverage and $27,500 for family coverage. It also requires employers to disclose the value of the benefit provided by the employer for each employee’s health insurance coverage on the employee’s annual Form W-2. And lastly, Title X requires employers that offer and make a contribution towards employee coverage to provide free choice vouchers to qualified employees for the purchase of qualified health plans through Exchanges. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act reforms the health care system by expanding the availability of health insurance, regulating health insurance coverage, and restructuring health care delivery, including how it is paid for. The bill would reduce the number of uninsured Americans by 31 million, leaving only 6 percent of nonelderly adults uninsured. A number of different mechanisms are used to increase coverage, including expanding Medicaid, which provides insurance to low-income parents and children at very small cost; establishing state-based insurance exchanges with subsidies for low- and middle-income households; requiring individuals to obtain coverage; and mandating that most employers offer health insurance. The new act would make Medicaid available to all individuals earning less than 133 percent of the federal poverty line, or $14,500 a year ($29,500 for a family of four) while improving services for beneficiaries. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also create state-based health insurance exchanges, called Health Benefit Exchanges, which are marketplaces where consumers can shop for and purchase health insurance. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act include numerous reforms of the health insurance market, in many cases regulating this market for the first time. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that about 8 million such persons would remain uninsured. Additionally, the bill restricts access to abortion services in the Health Benefits Exchanges and, in particular, for people receiving federal subsidies. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act saves money by reducing the cost of premiums that families and individuals pay to maintain their health insurance policies. It also saves money by getting rid of waste in the medical industry by establishing a center where physicians can report waste and by supporting comparison shopping for medical equipment. In addition, the act helps small businesses to save money by giving them the opportunity o offer health benefits to their employees without devastating the budget of their company. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act raise revenue by imposing an annual fee on the health insurance sector. Such fees would be imposed on insurance companies that sell high cost health insurance plans. The fee is designed to generate smarter, more cost-effective health coverage choices. The r econciliation bill delays this new fee until 2018 so that plans have time to implement reform and begin to save from its efficiencies. The amount of the fee is $8. 0 billion in 2014, $11. 3 billion in years 2015-2016, $13. 9 billion in 2017, and $14. 3 billion in 2018. According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the legislation will reduce the deficit by $138 billion over the first decade and by $1. 2 trillion in the second decade, as compared to current legislation. The CBO has recalculated its estimates several times, first projecting a savings of $132 billion, then $118 billion, and $143 billion. It also increases the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) tax rate by 0. percentage points on an individual taxpayer earning over $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples filing jointly). The revenues from this tax will be credited to the HI trust fund. The taxable base of the HI tax is also broadened by including net investment income. The act would also impose a ten percent tax on amounts paid for indoor tanning services. The tax is effective for services on or after July 1, 2010. Reduces the deficit in the next ten years and beyond. The bill is fully paid for with revenue provisions that focus on paying for reform within the health care system.

The links between domestic violence and homelessness and the extent to which help is available by victims

Introduction This paper explores the relationship between homelessness and domestic violence. Additionally, the paper examines the available means of assistance which can be accessed by victims of domestic violence. While domestic violence against men, children, the elderly and homosexuals has been well documented, the most common sort of domestic violence is the abuse of women by men (Womensaid.org 2013 [online]). Women of a wide range of ages, relationship types and social, cultural and economic backgrounds are affected by domestic violence. The prevalent assumption is that domestic violence against women happens primarily in working class households and is strongly correlated with alcoholism and poverty, and this is to some extent borne out by research (Hague and Malos, 1993). Studies have found well-defined connections between homelessness and women who have undergone traumatic experiences such as neglect, abandonment and sexual abuse (Crisis 2006). Homelessness and transience for women and children is a common feature of the stories of many women who have escaped domestic violence. A high priority for women who have left abusive relationships is to secure income and housing. However, if they are under the age of 16, they are unable to avail of temporary accommodation or other services for the homeless. Single mothers also face challenges. Because they lack childcare, they are unable to seek employment (Miller, 1990).The following sections look first at the ways in which homelessness and domestic violence are connected, and then look at the ways in which assistance can be provided. Connections between homelessness and domestic violence The 1977 Act S1-1, S20 defines a person as homeless if â€Å"there is no accommodation which he and anyone who normally lives with him as a member of his family, or if it is probable accommodation but cannot secure entry to it, either because of violence or real threat of violence from someone else residing there†. There are several reasons that a woman might become homeless. These include a failure of familial relationships, a request to leave, unemployment, marital disputes, eviction, and illness (Watson & Austerberry, 1996). Because women tend to have lower incomes than men, they are more likely to be vulnerable to a number of problems associated with poverty, including homelessness. Women who separate from their partners risk relocating to substandard housing, or being left without housing at all. Indeed, not all households considered to be homeless are entitled to accommodation. Some authorities consider homelessness due to domestic violence to be â€Å"intentional home lessness† (Watson & Austrereberry, 1996). Women who are victims of domestic abuse, sexual abuse or other traumas subsequently often find themselves victims of homelessness because they are frequently considered by local authorities to be insufficiently vulnerable (as defined by homelessness legislations) to qualify for priority needs. This is less common for single mothers, but without a child in the household it is very difficult for a woman to be deemed vulnerable enough for temporary housing. It is clear that women are confronted with the double challenge of being both domestic violence victims and also at risk of becoming poor, homeless single mothers (Baker, Cook and Norris, 2003). In order to escape domestic violence stemming from a partner, women may be forced to leave their homes. Marxist analyses suggest that women often fall into low-income brackets because they are a part of a capitalist, patriarchal society that leads to a gender-based division of labour (Maidment 2006). When women do achieve economic independence, their earnings tend to be significantly lower than men’s, this being the result of a gendered hierarchy of occupations where women’s typical occupations are concentrated at lower levels of the job market, and with women making up the majority of those in part-time jobs. Because women are forced to rely economically on men, their issues with domestic violence and abuse are exacerbated. Thus, a significant number of women remain ignorant of any assistance that’s potentially available, and consequently the issue of repeat homelessness is still a concern. An important matter to consider is the lack of women-only housing. Overall, the issue remains that homeless women are not accessing the support and help they need (Reeve, Casey, and Gouldie, 2006). Despite the progress in past decades in policy and legislation regarding homelessness, homeless women still face daunting challenges. While improved legislation and policy exist, women’s broader circumstances, requirements and vulnerabilities are not taken into consideration by local authorities. This means that they are often denied the assistance necessary to access accommodation (Reeve, Casey and Gouldie, 2006). In some cases, women who are experiencing marital violence – physical or mental – are asked to return to their homes and rely on legal processes to remove their abuser from the home (Women’s National Commission, 1983), which i s clearly unsatisfactory as it places them at risk of further abuse. Therefore, women who are unable to independently access the financial or social resources necessary to enter the housing market may be forced to live with domestic and family violence simply because of lack of alternatives (Chung, et al 2000). At the same time, if they feel unable to continue living in the home, they are likely to face total homelessness. Women at risk often contact their local authority for assistance. Local authorities may have a duty to provide shelter (Shelter 2013), and must be aware of any local connections a woman may have in relocation areas, due to the potential threat of violence from those local connections. However, in practice there seems to be many shortfalls in the provision of care by local authorities. In one survey, the majority of women who said they had approached local authorities for homelessness assistance reported extremely negative experiences (Hague and Malos 1993). Some m entioned being ‘turned away at the door,’ while others claimed to have been discouraged from making a formal application for assistance. The women reported the local authority staff they dealt with had preconceived notions of who was deserving of assistance and who was not (Hague and Malos, 1993). Of those surveyed, more than one-third had never approached the local authorities for homelessness assistance. Of the women who did seek assistance, less than one third were given priority need status, and 28% were determined to be homeless by intention (Reeve, Casey and Goudie, 2006). Where women do receive assistance, this is frequently less than adequate. For example, women are often given temporary accommodation in hostels, bed and breakfasts or private housing. Domestic violence from husbands or male partners is typically linked to marital or partnership difficulties, for example different expectations. If a woman is forced to leave her home due to partner violence, her d ifficulties may be exacerbated because in leaving her partner she may also be leaving her financial security. Additionally, homelessness legislation has recently been restricted in order to prevent it from being used as an access point for permanent housing. The loss of a home is in itself an additional traumatic element which adds to the complex problems of domestic or relationship violence. Women who leave their homes to escape domestic violence may also face the challenge of needing to find a job that pays a living wage, and this difficulty may be compounded by the fact that women in this situation often have only employment experience. It has been reported that women who have been exposed to domestic violence are subject to poverty and unemployment (Byrne et al., 1999). The diminished amount of affordable housing stock leads to further challenges in attaining permanent housing. The amount of housing constructed by London councils and housing associations has decreased significantly – from 21,147 in 1978 to 2,490 in 1996 (Reeve, Casey and Goudie, 2006). Therefore, though local authorities are required to find new housing for a vast number of people, they have to do so with a shrinking stock of suitable housing. In one survey of homeless persons, 14% of respondents reported leaving their most recent home due to domestic violence – making it the second highest cause of homelessness. When this question is restricted to just women, the number rises to 20%. These people all named their abusers as someone they knew, including family members, partners and local drug dealers. In the 41-50 year old age bracket, 40% of women cited domestic violence as the main cause of their homelessness, identifying it as the number one cause of homelessness for this age group (Reeve, Casey and Goudie, 2006). What assistance are victims of domestic violence able to seek? A refuge acts as a safety net for domestic violence victims in the immediate aftermath of leaving the domestic home. Refuges typically provide short-term accommodation, legal help, support groups and children’s programming (Baker, Cook and Norris, 2003). They offer an urgently needed safe space for abused women and their children, and work to help women regain control of their own lives. Thus, refuges meet the primary requirement of women fleeing domestic violence – safe emergency shelter. More well-equipped refuges are also able to offer facilities for childcare and creative play. The women’s aid movement has been instrumental in making refuges available to homeless women. Refuges have become a boon for women fleeing domestic violence, but it is still difficult for single women without children to gain access or temporary accommodation (Watson and Austerberry, 1996). Women who are forced to remain in the refuge for a long period of time experience stress and anx iety brought on by living in a public, crowded space. Residents must share rooms and amenities, which can lead to struggles. This is an increasing problem, as women currently housed in temporary refuges are facing ever-longer waits for permanent housing to become available (Ozga, 2005). Additionally, the fairly strict rules that exist in some refuges can deter some women from using them, and some refuges fail to meet the needs of some groups of women, including women with disabilities, young women and women with mental health disabilities (Chung et al, 2000). In 1988 the British government decided that the need for housing should be met by housing associations and local authorities should become â€Å"enablers and regulators†. That is, local housing authorities should become a residual welfare sector. The 1988 Housing Act therefore visualised housing associations taking over the role of provider of social housing instead of local authorities. The statutory obligations to pr ovide shelter and permanent housing to homeless people still apply to housing authorities (Charles 1994). Additionally, housing associations are increasingly involved in the provision of accommodation, though local authorities are still the first point of contact in terms of rehousing for women and children leaving refuges. The problem is exacerbated because there is a shortfall in both refuge accommodation and temporary or permanent accommodation for women escaping domestic violence. Women and children typically stay in refuges for three months or even longer. Previous studies had showed that many of these women leaving refuges are permanently rehoused, however many others return home, either to their abusive partner or with an exclusion order (Chung et al, 2000). The other option is the private rental sector but this is usually not a realistic one. For many women is not an option to rent privately because private landlords not accept tenants who are dependent on benefits or who ha ve children, and where landlords do take these women they often do not offer secure tenancies. In addition, the rent is very expensive and most of the women cannot afford to pay. The high costs of private housing, even with the help of housing benefit, has led to some women being unable to access suitable locations or taking houses in locations that were not suitable to their needs, such as homes which are a long distances from schools, and are not close to public transports or other facilities. Such housing arrangements are unlikely to be sustainable in the long term, and women are likely to continue seeking more suitable accommodation, therefore continuing to be unsettled (Chung et al, 2000). Conclusion Domestic and family violence are major factors contributing to women’s and children‘s homelessness. Women are still fleeing domestic and family violence for their own safety because the legal system cannot guarantee their protection. Despite the economic and social vulnerability of many such women, they often feel they have no choice but to escape a situation where they have no power and are subject to violence and abuse. The responsibility of support networks is critical for assisting women in living in relationships free of violence. It is important that housing assistance is available to women who become homeless due to domestic or familial violence. Providing women and children with affordable and safe housing must be a priority, or assistance must be given to help find steady, affordable and appropriate accommodation within a short period of time. Over the long-term, it is important to expand the amount of affordable and suitable housing available, guarantee satisfa ctory incomes, and offer the essential support services for current and future needs of all homeless persons. It would also be advisable for domestic violence and practice guidelines to encompass policy commitments for women who have traditionally been deemed not vulnerable enough and denied rehousing assistance. These women include those without children, those who experience domestic violence stemming from outside of their homes, those who have disabilities, and those who lack meaningful local connections. The heterogeneity of women’s experiences of domestic violence cannot be underestimated, and gives a clear indication of the need for women to be empowered to make real choices about what strategies they wish to take to ending the violence in their lives. 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